What is the process of assessing security controls in an information system called?

The correct choice is the one that accurately outlines the process involving the evaluation and validation of security controls within an information system. This process is known as "certification" and "accreditation."

Certification involves a comprehensive assessment of the information system's security controls to ensure they are properly implemented and functioning as intended. This includes evaluating technical, operational, and management controls against established standards and guidelines. Once this assessment is completed, the system is certified, indicating it meets necessary security requirements.

Following certification, "accreditation" is the formal approval to place the system into operation based on the certification results. Accreditation is a critical part of risk management, as it signifies that management has accepted the risk based on the certified security posture of the system.

While the term “requirements” is included in the choice, it is more associated with the initial identification of necessary security controls that must be in place, rather than a phase in the certification and accreditation process.

Thus, the combination of "certification" and "accreditation" as core elements of the assessment process accurately reflects the established practices in information security management, particularly within the framework of ensuring the secure operation of information systems.