What type of analysis is used to identify vulnerabilities in an information system?

The identification of vulnerabilities in an information system is specifically addressed through a Vulnerability Assessment. This process involves systematically evaluating the security weaknesses of an information system, analyzing the system architecture, configurations, policies, and procedures to determine potential vulnerabilities that could be exploited by threats. The goal of a vulnerability assessment is to find and quantify these vulnerabilities so that appropriate measures can be taken to mitigate them, thereby strengthening the security posture of the organization.

In contrast, while a security review may evaluate the overall security policies and processes, it does not focus solely on identifying specific vulnerabilities. Threat analysis involves understanding potential threats and how they might exploit vulnerabilities or impact information systems, but it does not concentrate on identifying the vulnerabilities themselves. System auditing reviews compliance with regulations and policies and assesses control effectiveness but does not specialize in pinpointing vulnerabilities in the system. Thus, the Vulnerability Assessment is distinctly aimed at identifying vulnerabilities, which is why it is the correct answer.